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Publications by Theme
Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
(PDFs are viewed with the free Acrobat Reader)
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Bringing Youth-Friendly Services to Scale in Ethiopia, April 2012
Stigma, service costs, and provider bias pose formidable barriers to Ethiopian young people’s ability to access sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services. To address these barriers, in 2005 Pathfinder International and the Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH) partnered to introduce and scale up youth-friendly services (YFS) in the Ethiopian public health system. YFS—an evidence-based approach to reducing barriers to service uptake among young people—lay the foundation for Ethiopia’s health system to meet the SRH needs and rights of the country’s largely underserved adolescent and youth population. This technical brief analyzes the scale-up efforts to date.
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Meeting the Reproductive Health Needs of Youth Living with HIV in Tanzania: A qualitative study exploring the experiences and perceptions of young home based care clients, their caregivers, and care providers, October 2011
This qualitative study explores the experiences, perceptions and reproductive health needs of young people (15-24) living with HIV who are enrolled in Home Based Care (HBC) programs. It is clear that many challenges remain in adapting HBC programs to better meet the needs of young people, particularly those who contracted HIV in infancy and are confronting the challenges of adolescence while at the same time managing a lifelong disease. Supporting them as they undergo sexual development, initiate sexual activity, form relationships, and take decisions about childbearing will be critical to ensuring equitable access to sexual and reproductive health for this growing population. The paper presents analysis of in-depth interviews conducted with young people living with HIV, their household caregivers, and HBC providers who serve young clients.
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Reasons for delaying or engaging in early sexual initiation among adolescents in Nigeria, September 2011
Annually, over 1 million births in Nigeria are to teenage mothers. Many of these pregnancies are unwanted and these mothers are also exposed to the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Sexual abstinence is a critical preventative health strategy. Several quantitative studies in Nigeria have identified the correlates and determinants of early sex, yet few have explored in depth the underlying reasons for early sex. This paper—co-authored by Pathfinder Nigeria's Fatima Mamman-Daura—explores both the key factors that motivate some unmarried young people to engage in early sex and reasons why some delay.
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A Smart Investment, June 2011
This publication—part of Pathfinder’s 3 Billion Reasons Campaign—highlights the importance of ensuring that sexual and reproductive health is part of any multisectoral program for adolescents and youth.
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From Inception to Large Scale: The Geração Biz Programme in Mozambique, 2009
A joint publication of the World Health Organization and Pathfinder International, this case study describes how the Government of Mozambique has scaled up its successful youth HIV prevention and sexual and reproductive health program to a national level with support from UNFPA and technical guidance from Pathfinder International. Geared toward developing country governments and NGOs, the case study provides a technical overview of the multi-sectoral program and its interventions, a detailed description of the scale up process and lessons learned, as well as overall program achievements.
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Increasing HIV/AIDS Therapy Adherence Among Youth in Mozambique: the TAP/Pathfinder International Experience, May 2009
Increasing HIV/AIDS Therapy Adherence Among Youth in Mozambique highlights the process and results of Pathfinder’s successful program to keep highly vulnerable HIV-positive youth in the medical system with access to life-saving care and treatment.
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Pathfindings: Youth-Friendly Postabortion Care Services in Africa, October 2008
A report on Pathfinder's Youth-Friendly Postabortion Care project in eight African countries. The project was implemented June 2007 to May 2008 with the goal of increasing access to PAC services that are responsive to adolescents' special needs.
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Pathfinder Ghana Youth-Friendly PAC, July 2008
In 2007, Pathfinder International administered a one-year Youth-Friendly Postabortion Care (YF PAC) project in eight sub-Saharan African countries. This brief document reviews the challenges, results, and lessons learned in Ghana.
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Reproductive Health of Young Adults in India: The Road to Public Health, 2006
This report describes the Reproductive Health of Young Adults in India (RHEYA) project. RHEYA’s goal was to delay early marriage, increase the use of contraception by young couples to delay the first child and space subsequent children, and to reduce the use of abortion as a method of contraception. The RHEYA project model was groundbreaking in India in recognizing the necessity to develop messages and means of intervention appropriate to the specific needs and interests of young people at different life stages.
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Causes and Consequences of Early Marriage in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia, 2006
This report examines a study conducted in the spring of 2006 that gathered both quantitative and qualitative information on the practice of early marriage in the Amhara region of Ethiopia. It provides information to guide the design, implementation, and monitoring of programs aimed at reducing the incidence of early marriage in Amhara and all of Ethiopia. Results and insights may prove helpful in contexts outside of Ethiopia as well.
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Raising the Age of Marriage for Young Girls in Bangladesh, 2006
This report describes a three-year pilot program implemented in one of the poorest areas of Bangladesh. The program provided support for primary and secondary school girls, paramedic training to secondary school graduates, and created community support for girls’ education and delaying marriage through advocacy meetings. Over the course of the program, primary and secondary school enrollment increased significantly, while the incidence of early marriage decreased.
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Improving Female Recruitment, Participation, and Retention Among Peer Educators in the Geração BIZ Program in Mozambique, 2006
In response to the under-representation of female peer educators in the Geração BIZ Program (GBP), an adolescent sexual and reproductive health program in Mozambique, an operational research study was used to test new strategies for improving recruitment, participation, and retention of female peer educators. The study tested an intervention model to increase the involvement and performance of girls in the GBP. The study started with the hypothesis that a protocol addressing young women’s needs for comfort and security, skills acquisition, support, and mentoring would improve their recruitment, retention, and effective performance in the program. The implementation plan involves four interrelated phases, using qualitative and quantitative data. This report presents results of all four phases.
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Creating Partnerships to Prevent Early Marriage in the Amhara Region, 2006
In the Amhara regional state of Ethiopia, 50 percent of girls are married before the age of 15. Early marriage is one of many harmful traditional practices that are particularly prevalent in rural areas, along with female genital cutting, abduction, and unattended births. Pathfinder works in collaboration with local partners to prevent early marriage through extensive advocacy efforts, paired with community and legal interventions through its community-based reproductive health programs.
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Comprehensive Reproductive Health and Family Planning Training Curriculum: Module 16: Reproductive Health Services for Adolescents, 2002 (Revised 2004)
This module explains the necessity of special training for adolescent reproductive health. Providers are sensitized to the needs of adolescents and are prepared to tailor reproductive health services so that they are youth-friendly. The module puts particular emphasis on dual protection against STI/HIV and pregnancy, safer sex, counseling, providing care to the pregnant adolescent, and dealing with issues of gender, sexual abuse, and sexual orientation.
Module 16 Participants Guide:
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African Youth Alliance: Reports and Resources
The African Youth Alliance (AYA) was a five-year initiative to improve adolescent reproductive health and reduce the spread of HIV/AIDS in Botswana, Ghana, Uganda, and Tanzania. Through the Alliance, young people were educated about HIV/AIDS prevention and provided with necessary information, skills, and support to protect their health.
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FOCUS on Young Adults: Tools and Resources
Focus on Young Adults was a six-year program led by Pathfinder International in partnership with the Futures Group International and Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine. Funded by the US Agency for International Development from 1995 to 2001, it was the first USAID-funded program to focus on the reproductive health concerns of adolescents and young adults.
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Insights in Adolescent Project Experience, 1998
This report presents an overview of Pathfinder's experience supporting reproductive health projects for adolescents in the early 1990s. It describes programs undertaken in Africa, Latin America, Asia, and the Near East during this period and discusses their evolution, who they served, what their effects have been, and what has been learned by them.
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